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Journal Article
Association between population distribution and urban GDP scaling
PLOS ONE
Urban scaling and Zipf’s law are two fundamental paradigms for the science of cities. These laws have mostly been investigated independently and are often perceived as disassociated matters. Here we present a large scale investigation about the conn...
/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Behavior/Imitation/Earth sciences/Geography/Geographic areas/Urban areas/Earth sciences/Geography/Human geography/Human mobility/Earth sciences/Geography/Human geography/Urban geography/Cities/Earth sciences/Geography/Human geography/Urban geography/Urban areas
Difficult (13.4)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245771
Journal Article
Analysis of issues related to nursing law: Examination of news articles using topic modeling
PLOS ONE
Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze proposed Korean nursing legislation as depicted in newspaper articles, to highlight issues related to the legislative process for this potential law, and to better understand social awareness regard...
/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Allied health care professionals/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Nurses/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Health care providers/Physicians/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Nursing science/Medicine and health sciences/Medical humanities/Medical law
Very Difficult (16.4)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308065
Journal Article
Implementation and perceived effectiveness of gun violence restraining orders in California: A qualitative evaluation
PLOS ONE
Background: Uptake of gun violence restraining orders (GVROs), which temporarily prohibit the possession and purchase of firearms and ammunition from individuals at particularly high risk of harming themselves or others with a firearm, has been slow ...
/Engineering and technology/Equipment/Weapons/Engineering and technology/Equipment/Weapons/Firearms/Medicine and health sciences/Epidemiology/Medical risk factors/Medicine and health sciences/Mental health and psychiatry/Mental health therapies/People and places/Geographical locations/North America/United States/California
Very Difficult (16.5)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258547
Journal Article
Fitting power-laws in empirical data with estimators that work for all exponents
PLOS ONE
Most standard methods based on maximum likelihood (ML) estimates of power-law exponents can only be reliably used to identify exponents smaller than minus one. The argument that power laws are otherwise not normalizable, depends on the underlying sa...
/Biology and life sciences/Conservation biology/Species extinction/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Evolutionary processes/Species extinction/Ecology and environmental sciences/Conservation science/Conservation biology/Species extinction/Ecology and environmental sciences/Wildfires/Engineering and technology/Management engineering/Decision analysis/Decision trees
Very Difficult (15.3)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170920
Journal Article
Inferring the Rate-Length Law of Protein Folding
PLoS ONE
We investigate the rate-length scaling law of protein folding, a key undetermined scaling law in the analytical theory of protein folding. Available data yield statistically significant evidence for the existence of a rate-length law capable of pred...
/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Proteins/Globular proteins/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Proteins/Protein domains/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Proteins/Protein structure/Protein folding/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Macromolecular structure analysis/Protein structure/Protein folding/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Polymer chemistry/Macromolecules/Polymers
Very Difficult (14.7)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078606
Journal Article
The role of restrictive abortion laws on modern contraceptive use in Sub Saharan Africa
PLOS Global Public Health
Previous evidence found that restrictive abortion laws were associated with high incidence of unsafe abortions and abortion-related complications. But few studies have assessed the association of restrictive abortion laws with contraceptive use patt...
/Biology and life sciences/Bioengineering/Biotechnology/Medical devices and equipment/Contraceptives/Engineering and technology/Bioengineering/Biotechnology/Medical devices and equipment/Contraceptives/Medicine and health sciences/Medical devices and equipment/Contraceptives/Medicine and health sciences/Pharmacology/Drugs/Contraceptives/Medicine and health sciences/Women's health/Obstetrics and gynecology/Contraception/Female contraception
Very Difficult (15.2)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004875
Journal Article
Dispute resolution in China: A test of black's theory of legal behavior
PLOS One
Since its introduction, Black’s theory of legal behavior (BBL) has been widely applied in empirical studies to analyze legal decision-making and dispute resolution. However, its applicability in non-Western contexts remains underexplored. This study...
/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Collective human behavior/Interpersonal relationships/People and places/Geographical locations/Asia/China/Social sciences/Anthropology/Cultural anthropology/Religion/Social sciences/Psychology/Collective human behavior/Interpersonal relationships/Social sciences/Sociology/Culture
Very Difficult (16.0)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0342190
Journal Article
The Hog Cycle of Law Professors: An Econometric Time Series Analysis of the Entry-Level Job Market in Legal Academia
PLOS ONE
The (German) market for law professors fulfils the conditions for a hog cycle: In the short run, supply cannot be extended or limited; future law professors must be hired soon after they first present themselves, or leave the market; demand is inela...
/Biology and life sciences/Agriculture/Animal products/Meat/Pork/Biology and life sciences/Nutrition/Diet/Food/Meat/Pork/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Vertebrates/Amniotes/Mammals/Swine/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Vertebrates/Amniotes/Mammals/Swine/Engineering and technology/Signal processing/Autocorrelation
Very Difficult (14.3)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159815
Journal Article
Intuitive intellectual property law: A nationally-representative test of the plagiarism fallacy
PLOS ONE
Studies with convenience samples have suggested that the lay public’s conception of intellectual property laws, including how the laws should regulate and why they should exist, are largely incommensurate with the actual intended purpose of intellec...
/Computer and information sciences/Systems science/Control theory/Engineering and technology/Industrial engineering/Control engineering/Control theory/People and places/Geographical locations/North America/United States/Physical sciences/Mathematics/Systems science/Control theory/Research and analysis methods/Research design/Survey research/Surveys
Difficult (13.1)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184315
Journal Article
Piercing the corporate veil system and creditors protection: Based on the investigation of debt paying ability—Empirical evidence from the 2005 <i>Company Law</i> amendment
PLOS ONE
This paper uses the difference-in-differences model to research how the “piercing the corporate veil” system marked by the 2005 Company Law amendment affects the level of corporate creditor protection. The research results show that private enterpri...
/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive science/Cognition/Decision making/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive science/Cognitive psychology/Decision making/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Decision making/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Personality/Research and analysis methods/Research design
Very Difficult (14.3)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302561
Journal Article
A distribution model of functional connectome based on criticality and energy constraints
PLOS ONE
The analysis of the network structure of the functional connectivity data constructed from fMRI images provides basic information about functions and features of the brain activity. We focus on the two features which are considered as relevant to th...
/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Nervous system/Neuroanatomy/Connectomics/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Neurons/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Brain mapping/Connectomics/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Brain mapping/Functional magnetic resonance imaging/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Cellular neuroscience/Neurons
Very Difficult (16.8)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177446
Journal Article
Legal education reform and medical litigation: Improved access but delayed justice in plastic surgery malpractice cases in South Korea
PLOS One
South Korea’s 2009 legal education reform, which replaced the bar exam and two-year judicial training system with graduate-level law schools, aimed to enhance the quality and accessibility of legal services. This study examines its impact on malprac...
/Medicine and health sciences/Medical humanities/Medical law/Medicine and health sciences/Surgical and invasive medical procedures/Plastic surgery and reconstructive techniques/People and places/Geographical locations/Asia/South Korea/People and places/Population groupings/Educational status/Graduates/People and places/Population groupings/Professions
Very Difficult (17.0)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0323059
Journal Article
Can a time varying external drive give rise to apparent criticality in neural systems?
PLOS Computational Biology
The finding of power law scaling in neural recordings lends support to the hypothesis of critical brain dynamics. However, power laws are not unique to critical systems and can arise from alternative mechanisms. Here, we investigate whether a common...
/Biology and life sciences/Cell biology/Cellular types/Animal cells/Neurons/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Brain mapping/Electroencephalography/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Cellular neuroscience/Neurons/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Neural networks/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Neuroimaging/Electroencephalography
Difficult (13.8)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006081
Journal Article
150 Years of the Mass Action Law
PLoS Computational Biology
This year we celebrate the 150th anniversary of the law of mass action. This law is often assumed to have been “there” forever, but it has its own history, background, and a definite starting point. The law has had an impact on chemistry, biochemist...
/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Biology and life sciences/Computational biology/Biology and life sciences/Systems biology/Computer and information sciences/Systems science/Systems biology/People and places/Population groupings/Professions/Scientists/Chemists
Difficult (11.9)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004012
Journal Article
Effects of cultural adaptation resilience promotion program for mothers-in-law in multicultural families
PLOS ONE
Mothers-in-law in multicultural families tend to experience psychological burden. This study aimed to verify the effects of the cultural adaptation promotion resilience program (CAPRP) on resilience, acculturation stress, depression, and quality of ...
/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Emotions/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Psychological stress/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Quality of life/Medicine and health sciences/Mental health and psychiatry/Mood disorders/Depression/Medicine and health sciences/Mental health and psychiatry/Psychological stress
Very Difficult (15.9)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274224
Journal Article
Zipf’s Law: Balancing Signal Usage Cost and Communication Efficiency
PLOS ONE
We propose a model that explains the reliable emergence of power laws (e.g., Zipf’s law) during the development of different human languages. The model incorporates the principle of least effort in communications, minimizing a combination of the inf...
/Engineering and technology/Signal processing/Speech signal processing/Physical sciences/Physics/Thermodynamics/Entropy/Social sciences/Linguistics/Computational linguistics/Social sciences/Linguistics/Grammar/Phonology/Phonemes/Social sciences/Linguistics/Languages
Very Difficult (14.7)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139475
Journal Article
On the Measurement of Movement Difficulty in the Standard Approach to Fitts' Law
PLoS ONE
Fitts' law is an empirical rule of thumb which predicts the time it takes people, under time pressure, to reach with some pointer a target of width W located at a distance D. It has been traditionally assumed that the predictor of movement t...
/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Experimental psychology/Engineering and technology/Measurement/Time measurement/People and places/Population groupings/Professions/Medical personnel/Psychologists/People and places/Population groupings/Professions/Scientists/Physical sciences/Mathematics/Numerical analysis/Extrapolation
Moderate (10.7)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024389
Journal Article
A study on the "Porter Hypothesis" effect of the regulatory measures of the environmental protection tax law in the post-pandemic era
PLOS ONE
The implementation of the Environmental Protection Tax Law was a significant milestone in China’s environmental tax reform. The implementation of this law was influenced throughout the three-year period of epidemic prevention and control (from early...
/Ecology and environmental sciences/Conservation science/Environmental protection/Ecology and environmental sciences/Environmental protection/Ecology and environmental sciences/Pollution/Ecology and environmental sciences/Pollution/Air pollution/People and places/Geographical locations/Asia/China
Very Difficult (15.7)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304636
Journal Article
Impact of opioid law on prescriptions and satisfaction of pediatric burn and orthopedic patients: An epidemiologic study
PLOS ONE
Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the reduction in prescribed opioid pain dosage units to pediatric patients experiencing acute pain and to assess patient satisfaction with pain control 90-day post discharge following the 2017 ...
/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs/Legs/Knees/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Musculoskeletal system/Skeleton/Skeletal joints/Knees/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs/Legs/Knees/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Musculoskeletal system/Skeleton/Skeletal joints/Knees/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Pain
Very Difficult (15.7)
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294279